Free Paper Sample on Inherited Disease

Introduction

Genetics is the study of heredity and variation among organisms, which explains various natural occurrences in their life. Multiple desirable attributes are passed from an organism to their offspring. However, other undesirable characteristics are passed from one organism to their offspring. Therefore, heredity and variation have desirable and unwanted effects. One of the most common adverse effects of genetics is the transmission of diseases to an offspring. Therefore, there will be an analysis of the transmission of an infection from a parent to offspring genetically. Therefore, there will be a better understanding of the disease in its unique symptoms and why it is genetically inherited. The evidence of the hereditary nature of conditions can be drawn from their prevalence in a family. That points to the fact that the disease is present in the family members' genes.

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Diabetes

Diabetes is a disease that is associated with high sugar levels, which are past the normal range in the body. There are two types of diabetes; type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is associated with individuals in their young and adolescent ages. On the other side, type 2 diabetes is related to individuals in their old age (Petry et al., 2001). Therefore, the significant difference is the age when the disease is common among individuals. For type 1 diabetes it is associated with an individual's lifestyle; their dietary habits. However, type 2 diabetes has an additional issue, which is heredity. It can be inherited from a parent by an offspring, which is not prevalent in the case of type 1. Over 90 % of type 2 diabetes is among people in their old age. Therefore, in this case, the focus will be on type 2 diabetes, based on its inheritance among individuals.

There are various risks associated with type 2 diabetes among individuals that inherit it from their parents. First, there is a risk of blood vessels and heart diseases. That is whereby there is an increase in blood pressure, coupled with the blocking of blood vessels. Furthermore, there is the risk of neuropathy, which is nerve damage. An individual loses their sense of feeling resultant from excess sugar levels that affect their sensory organs. Furthermore, there is the risk of kidney damage, which may require dialysis or replacement through a donor. Alzheimer's disease, hearing impairment, slow healing, and hearing impairment are risks an individual faces when suffering from type 2 diabetes. Various symptoms can help identify type 2 diabetes in its early stages, assisting in the timely intervention. First, there is frequent urination; coupled with the sensation of being thirsty and hungry. Furthermore, there is the feeling of fatigue at all times, which prevents an individual from doing normal activities they were comfortable with earlier. Furthermore, there is slow healing of wounds and blurred vision, all of which point to diabetes 2.

Risk Factors

There are numerous risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes, which increase the chances of an individual suffering from the condition. First, individuals are inactivity, which leads to a buildup of sugar levels in their bodies. Second, there is being overweight, which is a sign of not getting rid of sugar and other toxic substances from the body efficiently. Furthermore, there is aging, which is more common among type 2 diabetes patients. A polycystic ovarian syndrome is the other risk factor; common among women with irregular menstruation cycles. The most significant factor is a family history, whereby an individual has a higher chance of having diabetes if the family members have a history with the disease. It is believed that type 2 diabetes is inherited because of the presence of genes that can lead to it being present in mothers, therefore inherited by children. For type 2 diabetes, there is no specified mode of inheritance, as it is not a must that inheritance to an offspring (Salanti et al., .2009). However, the risk of inheritance increases with the number of family members with the condition. Therefore, it is evident that no clear patterns of type 2 diabetes can be associated with a specific mode of inheritance like other diseases.

When an individual is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, there are various ways I would help them. First, is advising them about their intake of sugar of other foods that may compromise their condition. Furthermore, I would encourage them to exercise more to make use of the sugar in their body and cut weight. Moreover, the exercise will enable them to lower their blood pressure, which will help with their diabetic condition. Moreover, regular visits to the doctor will help ensure the individual gets better help to ease the adverse effects associated with the disease. When in the presence of a family member with the risk of developing the disease too, there are various ways I would help. First is living a healthy lifestyle by avoiding or controlling their sugar intake. That is considered one of the best ways to combat the adverse effects of the disease. Furthermore, exercising will go a long way in reducing their sugar level and reducing the number of toxins in their body. Moreover, they should know that it is not sure that they will pass on the disease to their children. Therefore, they should encourage the children to have a healthy lifestyle and have regular check-ups.

Conclusion

When searching for type 2 diabetes, I used the search terms "Type 2 diabetes", which then presented a wide variety of sources. I used "results," which showed a wide variety of literature associated with my type 2 diabetes search. There is a difference between a Google search and a search on the Purdue Global Library. All the sources on Purdue Global library are credible; while on Google, some sources are not credible. Therefore, the Purdue Global search is more appropriate for academic research. In one article, there was establishes a correlation between dementia and type 2 diabetes. There was a similarity with the previous study in part one, based on the various type 2 diabetes symptoms. Such includes the general failure of different body parts, leading to impaired functionality (Li & Huang, 2016). The other article was a correlation between healthy living and type 2 diabetes. It was discovered that will healthy living, the chances of having the condition are significantly reduced. It was found that there is a chance of better outcomes with healthy living, even with remote care (Athinarayanan et al., 2019).

References

Athinarayanan, S. J., Adams, R. N., Hallberg, S. J., McKenzie, A. L., Bhanpuri, N. H., Campbell, W. W., ... & McCarter, J. P. (2019). Long-term effects of a novel continuous remote care intervention including nutritional ketosis for the management of type 2 diabetes: a 2-year non-randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in endocrinology, 10, 348. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00348/full?utm_source=F-NTF&utm_medium=EMLX&utm_campaign=PRD_FEOPS_20170000_ARTICLE&fbclid=IwAR18vRBLOhlR0hjEJ0HLlNdYXHE6SWkMug6BZNTT9jrhM51ABvz0aWZPklY&source=post_page.

Henderson, J. N., Allen, K. V., Deary, I. J., & Frier, B. M. (2003). Hypoglycaemia in insulintreated Type 2 diabetes: frequency, symptoms and impaired awareness. Diabetic Medicine, 20(12), 1016-1021. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01072.x

Li, W., & Huang, E. (2016). An update on type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for dementia. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 53(2), 393-402.
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad160114

Petry, C. J., Dorling, M. W., Pawlak, D. B., Ozanne, S. E., & Hales, C. N. (2001). Diabetes in old male offspring of rat dams fed a reduced protein diet. Experimental Diabetes Research, 2(2), 139-143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12369717/

Salanti, G., Southam, L., Altshuler, D., Ardlie, K., Barroso, I., Boehnke, M., ... & Groop, L. (2009). Underlying genetic models of inheritance in established type 2 diabetes associations. American journal of epidemiology, 170(5), 537-545.
https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/170/5/537/101905.