Essay Sample on Government Dynamics: Types, Size, and Impact on Society

Government Size Position

The government entails the policies placed in a country or society with the aim of regulating the various political systems. It used for governing a set of individuals who are already organized. A government can be in the form of a monarchy, democracy or oligarchy. A monarchy government involves a method of the political system where serenity is not shared, that is a single person rule. An oligarchy government, on the other hand, refers to a political system where a few people who are powerful and privileged due to corruption or selfish goals (Aundhe & Narasimhan, 2016). A democracy government refers to a system of ruling where the citizenry rule, it entails rule of people by the people, and hence majority have the power to make decision in this type of government. In a democratic system of government, policies, laws and leadership are directly or indirectly decided by the citizenry.

Appropriate size of Government for America

America uses a democratic system of government where it is the role of the citizens who vote for its leaders and in case of any changes in policies and law, the people have the power to make the decisions. The American government is mandated to protect its citizenry from the violence that is from within or externally. For the government to protect it requires taxes that are used to fund training and to equip of the police force, build and secure courtrooms and prisons and appoint officials who are going to implement the law.

Other roles that the government takes up include: managing economic conditions, the government is mandated to create conditions that are favourable to the growth of the economy and material prosperity. In the United States, private markets determine economy policies as competition, exchange and individual choices are believed to cause growth in the economy (Keramati et al., 2018). The government also redistributes income and resources, and these are by redistributing resources and money from wealthy sectors to the poors in society. The other role of the government is to provide its citizenry with public goods, and these refer to services that cannot be provided for like the private market. A good example is national security, as much as private entities could consider training and providing security, the security systems would be biased to their owner, and as a result, the national government would have to intervene.

Establishing Size of the Government

To establish the size of the government, one needs to focus on what the government is spending concerning the economy. One measure of the government is the size of government spending relative to the economy. Government activities are funded by taxes or grants where the ratio of federal taxes to gross domestic product fluctuates. Increase in tax revenue about the gross domestic product leads to an increase in capital gains and a rise in the income.

A government’s laws regulations, licensing, education, mandates on other governments, purchases and contracts, and more contribute to the role of government, which is mostly limited to the size of its budget because this is relatively simple to measure. The size of the budget usually is measured as a share of the economy or the gross domestic product. This measurement addresses the allocation role of the budget or the role of government in a mixed market economy.

Government’s Connection to the Budget

A budget refers to the detailed estimation of revenues and expenses over a specified period in time. A budget can be made for personal use, group use, business use, government use or any other purpose that intends to spend money. There are four forms of a budget that is the value proposition, zero-based, activity-based or incremental (Choi, 2020). Budgets are useful in government as it enables them to allocate resources wisely. Formulating a budget ensures that the government can uplift the underprivileged parts of the society and facilitate financial inclusion while mitigating disparities in the regions. A budget is necessary for any government as it ensures:

Allocation of the resource pool, budgeting helps the government identify areas that need resources. As a result, they cannot only allocate the necessary resources but also sustain them. It is through the identification of areas in need of economic welfare policies and implementing them that a government would demonstrate effective governance. A budget also ensures that the economy grows by the government regulating tax imposition. By encouraging people to save and invest, the government provides tax rebates and subsidies. Budgets also help the government to mitigate the economic divide. Inequality and disparities’ in the economy causes a threat to any countries economy. Budgets help create public and economic welfare policies which eradicate these form of threat.

Outcomes of Governments

Measuring outcomes instead of outputs is an important element in government. By measuring outcomes, evidence on impact is discovered. There are four main steps of measuring government outcome include: articulating outcomes so that they can measure them, create a framework and map the relationship between outcomes, design and identify suitable measures that give meaningful feedback on outcomes and lastly, track the progress.

The outcome approach in government aims at achieving expected improvements in the life of Americans. The approach enables the government to impact the lives of their citizenry instead of formulating the set functions. Planning outcomes and impacts refer to planning backwards to know how much is to be achieved and how best to achieve it.

References

Aundhe, M. D., & Narasimhan, R. (2016). Public private partnership (PPP) outcomes in e-government–a social capital explanation. International Journal of Public Sector Management. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJPSM-09-2015-0160/full/html

Choi, W. Y. (2020). A Study on Assessing Government Size, the Composition of Public Spending on Education and Economic Growth in the USA. Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, 11(1), 1-8. http://scipg.com/index.php/102/article/view/363

Keramati, A., Behmanesh, I., & Noori, H. (2018). Assessing the impact of readiness factors on e-government outcomes: An empirical investigation. Information Development, 34(3), 222-241. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0266666916685603