Essay Sample on Molecular Modeling and Lewis Dot Structures

Published: 2017-12-01
Essay Sample on Molecular Modeling and Lewis Dot Structures
Type of paper:  Essay
Categories:  Education Chemistry
Pages: 3
Wordcount: 733 words
7 min read
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What is the Lewis Structure?

This method of drawing diagrams was named after Gilbert N. Lewis, an American physical chemist. It is used for displaying how atoms connect, creating chemical elements. It helps present a molecule visually. The atoms are shown in the form of the signs of chemical elements. Their electrons are presented in the form of dots around the signs. The pairs of dots help represent bonded atoms. However, to make the diagram easy to understand, the pairs of shared electrons, also known as covalent bonds, are replaced with lines. It's allowed to add two and three lines if atoms share several pairs of electrons.

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Exercise 1: Lewis Structures and Molecular Modeling

Data Table 1. Lewis Structure and Molecular Model

Molecule or Ionic Compound

# of Valence Electrons

Lewis Structure

INSERT HAND DRAWN STRUCTURE PICTURE HERE

VSEPR Model

INSERT ACTUAL MOLECULAR MODEL PICTURE HERE

CCl4

32

CCl4 Lewis Structure

CCl4 VSEPR Model

MgCl2

16

MgCl2 Lewis Structure

MgCl2 VSEPR Model

AlCl3

24

AlCl3 Lewis Structure

AlCl3 VSEPR Model

PbI4

32

PbI4 Lewis Structure

PbI4 VSEPR Model

CH4

8

CH4 Lewis Structure

CH4 VSEPR Model

ICl5

42

ICl5 Lewis Structure

ICl5 VSEPR Model

CH3OH

14

CH3OH Lewis Structure

CH3OH VSEPR Model

CH3NH2

14

CH3NH2 Lewis Structure

CH3NH2 VSEPR Model

CH2CH2

12

CH2CH2 Lewis Structure

CH2CH2 VSEPR Model

CH2O

12

CH2O Lewis Structure

CH2O VSEPR Model

NF3

26

NF3 Lewis Structure


H2O

8

H2O Lewis Structure

H2O VSEPR Model

O2

12

O2 Lewis Structure

O2 VSEPR Model

CO2

16

CO2 Lewis Structure

CO2 VSEPR Model

H2O2

14

H2O2 Lewis Structure

H2O2 VSEPR Model

[NO2]-

18

NO2- Lewis Structure

NO2- VSEPR Model

[NH4]+

8

NH4+ Lewis Structure

NH4+ VSEPR Model

SO2

18

SO2 Lewis Structure

SO2 VSEPR Model

NH3

8

NH3 Lewis Structure

NH3 VSEPR Model

H2S

8

H2S Lewis Structure

H2S VSEPR Model

SF6

48

SF6 Lewis Structure

SF6 VSEPR Model

SbCl5

40

SbCl5 Lewis Structure

SbCl5 VSEPR Model

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, or VSEPR Theory in More Detail

The VSEPR hypothesis helps understand how molecules look in the three-dimensional environment, which refers to actual life. Lone electrons and molecule bonds want to reduce repulsion. Accordingly, they always push away from each other because they have negative charges. The theory helps understand how different molecules arrange atoms when all connections and lone electrons repel. The theory helps understand the patterns of molecules in real life. Depending on the number of atoms and sets of lone electrons circling the central atom, a molecule gets a particular shape.

Data Table 2. VSEPR Names and Atoms

Molecule

Number of atoms or sets of lone pairs surrounding central atom

Structure Geometry (Name)

CCl4

4,0

tetrahedral

MgCl2

2,0

linear

AlCl3

3,0

Trigonal planar

PbI4

4,0

tetrahedral

CH4

4,0

tetrahedral

ICl5

5,1

Square pyramidal

CH3OH

4,0

Tetrahedral

CH3NH2

4,0

tetrahedral

CH2CH2

3,0

Trigonal planar

CH2O

3,0

Trigonal planar

NF3

3,1

Trigonal pyramidal

H2O

2,2

bent

O2

1,2

linear

CO2

2,0

linear

H2O2

2,2

bent

[NO2]-

2,1

bent

[NH4]+

4,0

tetrahedral

SO2

2,2

bent

NH3

3,1

Trigonal pyramid

H2S

2,2

bent

SF6

6,0

Octahedral

SbCl5

5,0

Trigonal bypyramidal

Questions:

A) Which, if any, of the molecules in Data Table 1 had resonance structures? How many resonance structures did the molecule(s) have?

SO2 AND [NO2]-which both have two resonance structures

B) The sulfur molecule was denoted by a yellow colored molecular modeling piece. Why is the color yellow a great visual example of the sulfur molecule? Note: You may need to research properties of sulfur to answer this question.

This is because sulfur as an element is bright yellow solid in crystalline form at room temperature hence representing it in yellow as a model gives visual impression characteristic to the element.

C) Ozone (O3) is a chemical that is considered a pollutant and is toxic when it appears in the air that we breathe. It is produced as a by-product of the exhaust of combustion engines reacting with the oxygen in air, in the presence of sunlight. However, in the upper layers of the atmosphere, ozone is beneficial as it blocks damaging ultraviolet radiation from reaching the Earth’s surface. Draw the Lewis structure of O3, including any resonance forms.

D) Lewis structures are drawn for molecules and not typically for ionic compounds. Explain why Lewis structures are not typically drawn for ionic compounds.

Ionic compounds do not involve sharing of electrons between bonding pairs unlike molecules. One atom completely loses an electron(s) and the other gains completely for the ionic compounds.

Summary Paragraph:

Lewis structures illustrate arrangements of electrons in an atom, compound or molecule. Valence shell electron pair repulsion model shows the structure of a molecule in three dimensions. It illustrates how the atoms are arranged attached and oriented to the given direction.

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