Type of paper:Â | Essay |
Categories:Â | Biology Chemistry |
Pages: | 6 |
Wordcount: | 1493 words |
C4 Photosynthesis Pathway
Species | Photosynthesis pathway | Mla citations |
Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Abutilon muticum (Del.) Webb | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Acacia abyssinica Hochst. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Acacia ehrenbergiana (Forssk.) Hayne | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Acacia elatior Brenan | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Acacia hamulosa Benth. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Acacia raddiana Savi | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Acacia seyal Del | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Achillea falcate L. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Achyranthes aspera L | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Aeluropus massuensia L. | MAC | (Laetsch 156) |
Amaranthus albus L. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Amaranthus hybridus L | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Ammannia baccifera L | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Anabasis setifera Moq. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Anastatica hierochuntica L. | MAC | (Laetsch 156) |
Anchusa milleris Spreng. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Andrachne aspera Spreng. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Argemone ochroleuca Sweet | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Aristida adscensionis L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss.&Kralik | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) DC | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Asphodelus tenuifolius (Cav.) Baker | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Asteriscus hierochunticus (Michon) Wiklund | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Astragalus annularis Forssk. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Astragalus corrugates Bertol | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Astragalus tribuloides Delile | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Astragalus vogelii (Webb) Bornm. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Avena fatua | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Blepharis attenuate Napper | MAC | (Laetsch 156) |
Boerhavia diffusa L | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Boerhavia repens L. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. | 3C | (Hatch 82) |
Brachiaria leersioides (Hochst.) stapf | 3C | (Hatch 82) |
Brachypodium distachyum (L.) P. Beauv. | 3C | (Hatch 82) |
Cadaba farinosa Frossk | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Cadaba glandulosa Frossk. | 3C | (Hatch 82) |
Capparis cartilaginea Decne | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. | 3C | (Hatch 82) |
Capparis spinosa L. | 3C | (Hatch 82) |
Capsella pursa pastoris (L.) Medik | 3C | (Hatch 82) |
Caralluma acutangula (Decne.) N.E.Br | MAC | (Laetsch 156) |
Caralluma russeliana (Courb. ex Brongn.) Cufod. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cenchrus ciliaris L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Chrozophora brocchiana Vis | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Chrozophora oblongifolia (Delile) Spreng. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Chrozophora plicata (Vahl.) Spreng | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cissus quadrangularis L | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cleome brachycarpa DC | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cleome chrysantha Decne. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cleome paradoxa R.Br. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
(Laetsch 156) | ||
Cleome scaposa DC | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cocculus pendulus (J.R.&G.Forst.) Diels | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cometes surattensis L | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Commicarpus boissieri (Heimerl) Cufod | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Commicarpus helenae (J.A.Schultes) Meikle | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Commicarpus plumbagineus (Car.) Standley | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Commiphora kataf (Forssk.)Engl | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Convolvulus asyrensis Kotchy | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus cephalopodus Alfarhan | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus deserti Hochst. & Steud | 3C | (Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus Fatemensis Kunze | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus glomeratus Choisy | 3C | (Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus hystrix Vahl. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus spicatus Hallier f. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Corchorus antichorus (L.) Raeusch. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Corchorus depressus (L.) Stocks | MAC | (Laetsch 156) |
Corchorus olitorius L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Corchorus trilocularis L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cressa cretica L | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Crotalaria microphylla Vahl | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Crotalaria senegalense (Pers.) DC. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Cucumis prophetarum L | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Cuscuta hyalina Roth. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cynanchum acutum L | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Cyperus conglomerates Rottb. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Cyperus rotundus L. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) P. Beauv | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Dicoma tomentosa Cass. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Digera muricata (L.) Mast | MAC | (Laetsch 156) |
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berth. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Diptergium glaucum Decne | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Echinops hussonii Boiss. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Echinops polyceras Boiss | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Emex spinosus (L.) Campd | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Eragrostis minor Host. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Erythrococca abyssinica Pax. | 4C | (Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia arabica T.Anderson | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia cuneata Vahl | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia granulata Frossk | 4C | (Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia prostrata Ait. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia retusa Frossk | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia scordifolia Jacq. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia serpens Kunth | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Fagonia mollis Delile. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Fagonia ovalifolia Hadidi | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Fagonia paulayana Wagner & Vierh. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Farsetia longisiliqua Decne | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Farsetia stylosa R. Br | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Ficus salicifolia Vahl | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) Mohr | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Frankenia revolute Frossk. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Gisekia phranaceoides L | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Glinus lotoides L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Glossonema boveanum subsp. nubicum (Decne.) bullock | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Gynandropsis gynandra (L.)Briq.,Ann | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Gypsophila capillaries (Forssk.)C.Chr | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Haloxylon scoparium Pomel | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Heliotropium arbainense Fresen. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Heliotropium digynum(Forssk.) | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Heliotropium kotschyi (Burnge) Gurke | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Heliotropium pterocarpum Hochst. & Steud. | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Heliotropium strigosum Willd. | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Indigofera argenata L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Indigofera carulea Roxb. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Indigofera hoschstettei Baker | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk. | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Indigofera spinosa Frossk | MAC | (Laetsch 156) |
Iphiona scabra DC.k | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Ipomea aquatica Forssk | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Kichxia floribunda (Boiss.) Taeckh. & Boulos | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Lasiurus hirsutus (Forssk.) | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Latipes sengalensis Kunth | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook. f. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Launea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Launea mucronata subsp. cassiniana (Jaub.&Spach) N.Kilian | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Lavandula pubescens Decne | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Leptothrium senegalense (Kunth) Clayton | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Lindenbergia indica O. Kuntze | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Mareua crassifolia Frossk. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Mareua oblongifolia (Frossk.) A.Rich. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Melilotus indica L | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Momordica balsamina L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Monsonia heliotropioides (Cav.) Boiss. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Morettia canescens Boiss | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Morettia parviflora Boiss. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Moringa peregrine (Forssk) F. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Nannorrhops ritchieana (Griff.) Aitch | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Nepeta deflersiana Schweinf. ex Hedge | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Neurada procumbens L | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Ochradenus arabicus Chaudhary, Hillc. & A.G.Mill | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Ochtochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Odontanthera radians (Forssk.) D.V.Field | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Onobrychis ptolemaica (Delile) DC | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Oxystelma esculentum (L.F.) R.Br | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Pancratium sickenbergi Asch.&Schweinf | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
3C | (Laetsch 156) | |
Panicum turgidum Forssk. | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Parkinsonia aculeate L | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Paronychia arabica (L.) DC | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Phoenix dactylifera L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin ex Steud. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. | 4C | (Hibberd and S 183) |
Phyllanthus rotundifolius Willd | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Pistacia khinjuk Stocks | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Poa bulbosa L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Polycarpaea robbairea (Kuntze) Greuter & Burdet | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Polygala erioptera DC | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Polygonum argyrocoleum G. Kunze | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Portulaca quadrifida L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Prosopis Juliflora (Sw.) DC | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.)Benth. & Hook | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Pulicaria orientalis Jaub. & Spach | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Reseda luteola L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Rhazya stricta Decne. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Ricinus communis L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Ruellia patula Jacq | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Rumex vesicarius L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Salsola imbricata Forssk. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Salsola spinescens Moq. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Salsola tetrandra Forssk. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Schouwia purpurea (Forssk.) Schweinf | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Scrophularia arguta Soland.ex Ait. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Seddera virgata Hochst. & Steud. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Senna alexandrina Mill. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Senna holosericea (Fresen.) Greuter | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Senna italica Mill. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Sesuvium sesuviodes(Fenzl) Verdc. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Sida rhambifolia L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Sisybrium erysimoides Desef. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Solanum nigrum L | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Solanum sinaicum Boiss. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Sonchus oleraceus | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Stipa capensis Thunb. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Stipa parviflora Desf. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Mun. ex T. And | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Suaeda monica Frossk.ex J.F. Gmel. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Sueda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Taverniera lappacea (Forssk.) DC | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Tephorosia apollineae (Delile) DC | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Tephorosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Tephrosia desertorum L. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Tephrosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Tragus racemosus (L.) All. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Trianthema portulacastrum L | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Trianthema sedifolia Visiani | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Tribulus pentandrus Forssk. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Tribulus pterocarpus Forssk. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Tribulus terrestris L | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Trichodesma africanum (L.)R.Br. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Trichodesma ehrenbergiana Schweinf | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Trisetaria macrochaeta (Boiss.) Maire | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Withania somnifera (L). Dunal. | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Zaleya pentandra (L.) C. Jeffrey | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Ziziphus spina christi (L)Desf | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Zygophyllum album L.F | 4C | (Hatch 82) |
Zygophyllum coccienum L | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Zygophyllum quatarense Hadidi | 3C | (Laetsch 156) |
Works Cited
Hatch, Michael D. "C4 photosynthesis: a unique blend of modified biochemistry, anatomy and ultrastructure." Biochim Biophys Acta (2007): 81-106. print.
Hibberd, JM and Covshoff S. "The regulation of gene expression required for C4 photosynthesis." Annu Review Plant (2010): 181-207. Print.
P., Laetsch. " Photosynthesis and Photorespiration,." Hatch, Osmond and Slatyer (2000): 154-160. print.
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