Free Essay on the Male and Female Reproductive Systems

The reproductive system is one of the most vital systems of any organism. Reproduction is the biological process that ensures the continuity of a species. Unlike other body systems, the reproductive system becomes operational when a being is ready to reproduce. The reproductive system in humans is not fully developed at birth. It takes time for it to develop enough to be functional. The maturation of the human reproductive system commences at puberty with various changes in that prepare the body for the task of reproduction. Puberty is a process in which a childs body matures into an adult body Shade, B. R, (2012). The maturation process prepares the body for the enormous task of reproduction and continuity of the human species. The male reproductive system experiences various changes that prepare the body for sperm production and coitus. The boy experiences a sudden increase in the testicular and penile sizes. The testes begin to produce sperms and hormones responsible for the masculine development in the boy. This development is the sign of maturation in the reproductive system signifying that the boy is ready to reproduce. The human males have no age limit f their productivity. Once they become productive, their reproductive organs can normally function all the rest of their lives

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The female reproductive system also experiences many changes during the puberty stage. These changes are manifested in the female to prepare her for the task of bearing and rearing children. The female reproductive organs experience various changes in their anatomy to enable them get ready for childbearing. As the estrogen levels begin to increase as the ovaries become functional, they influence various changes in the anatomy of the female reproductive systems. The mucosal surface of the vagina darkens as it develops into a multilayered structure. The internal organs of the female reproductive system develop preparing the body for fertilization and implantation. The pelvis and hips widen to prepare the body for child bearing. Menstruation begins with the onset of releasing of the eggs in the ovaries. Ovulation is an important process that includes the release of an egg for fertilization. Ovulation is a time sensitive process in the females as it ends with age during menopause. When ovulation ends at menopause, the female reproductive system experiences changes caused by a decrease in estrogen levels.

The physiologies of the male and female reproductive systems differ significantly to suit their various functions. The male reproductive system has various organs that help in the production, development and ejaculation of sperms to fertilize the egg. The testes are the major organs involved in the production of the sperms. The testes are enclosed in a sack known as the scrotum. The scrotum is a sac designed to hold the testes in position and provide an appropriate environment for the production of sperms. Scrotum maintains the correct temperatures with the help of the which wrinkles the scrotum in cold conditions and the cremaster muscle that loosens the scrotum in hot temperatures. The vas deferens helps in the transport of sperms from the testes to the seminal vesicle where the it mixes with the semen produces in the prostate glad to help in the transportation of sperms. The seminal vesicle is connected to the urethra where sperms are released through during coitus.

The female reproductive system has a complex physiology that helps it perform its tasks effectively. The outermost part of the female reproductive system is the vagina. Unlike the penis, the vagina is a complex parts that help it adapt to the task of childbearing and coitus. The parts of the vagina include the labia majora, labia minora, the clitoris, urethra and hymen (in virgins). The hymen is a thin layer of the mucous membrane that separates the urethral sinus from the lumen of the vagina. The vagina joins the internal parts of the female reproductive system to the external parts. The vagina joins the cervix that acts as a joint between the uterus and the vagina. The cervix regulates the movement of fluids in and out of the uterus. The uterus is a thick layer of muscular walls where the eggs implant and develops into a baby after fertilization. The uterus is connected to the ovaries through the fallopian tubes. The fallopian tubes provide a good environment for fertilization (Klosterman, L. 2010). The ovaries are a major part of the female reproductive system as they release eggs monthly for fertilization. They also release hormones to prepare the female for childbearing and lactation.

The reproductive system is a very sensitive system and contracts disorders often. An example of a disorder in the male reproductive system is erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is a disorder that robs a man the ability to maintain an erection for sexual intercourse. The inability to maintain an erection not only robs a man his ability to reproduce but also affects his emotional stability(Naz, R. K, 1999). This disorder is caused by the inability of the spongy tissue in the penis to maintain blood in them. This infection can be caused by various medical conditions such as low blood pressure, and kidney failure. It can also be as a result of drugs such as antidepressants and nicotine.

The female reproductive system experiences more compared to the male reproductive system because of its complexity. One of the common disorders of the female reproductive system is vulvovaginitis. Vulvovaginitis is an infection that causes the inflation of the vulva and vagina. Most women will suffer from this infection at some point in their lives. It can be caused by various hygienic factors such use of bad laundry soaps, or poor habits such as wiping from back to the front. The symptoms include redness of vaginal surface and itchiness. It can also be caused bother infections such as candida and growth of fungus.

Erectile dysfunction is a curable condition that can be treated using various methods. One of the ways in which the condition can be treated is by living healthy. Exercise and healthy diets can help cure erectile dysfunction and restore a mans vitality. It can also be cured using oral medication such as phosphodiesterases (Klosterman, L. 2010). Phosphodiesterases contain a group of enzymes that destroy cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate that limit circulation of blood in the penis. They increase the circulation of blood in the penis and solve the problem of erectile dysfunction. Vulvovaginitis can be cured using various approaches. One of the most effective cures is the maintenance of high levels of body hygiene. If a woman maintains high hygiene levels in her body, this problem can be cured. It can also be cured using antibiotics that may be used externally or ingested into the body system. It can also be used to cortisone creams and estrogen creams.

References

Klosterman, L. (2010). Reproductive system. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark.

Naz, R. K. (1999). Endocrine disruptors: Effects on male and female reproductive systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Shade, B. R. (2012). Workbook for Mosby's EMT-intermediate textbook for the 1999 National Standard Curriculum, 4th edition. Edinburgh: Mosby.