Cross-Cultural Communication - Free Paper Sample

Introduction

According to White (2019, p.26), in the cross-cultural, there is room for a lot of likely miscommunication due to the difference in view, norms, beliefs, and most significantly, the way of talking. Therefore, cross-cultural communication regularly engages misunderstanding resulted from misinterpretation, misperception, and misevaluation. When the sender originates from one culture and receiver of the message from a different one, the possibility of misperception becomes greater. Aliens see, interpret, analyze information differently, and therefore act upon them differently. In cross-cultural circumstances, one needs to assume difference until resemblance is attained. It is noteworthy. To acknowledge that all actions make sense to the eyes of the individual acting and that judgment and validation are culturally comparative.

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Cross-cultural misinterpretations happen when a person provides meaning to opinions and their interactions; it creates sense out of insights—interpretations structures one's experience to monitor action. Interpretation always is established upon the native cultural norms and beliefs (Nauert, 2017,p 17-20). Founded on one experience, an individual produces assumptions concerning one's view; the person will not have to re-experience meanings every time he/she meets similar circumstances. For instance, human beings make assumptions on how door work is grounded on their experience of getting in and out of the rooms; hence humans do not have to be taught each time they open a door.

Barriers

One fact is that all cultures are different. Due to the difference, some people, especially at the workplace, find themselves challenging to respond to another religion. Because of difficulty in responding to such a person will choose to stick to their native culture. This kind of misunderstanding occurs due to a wide variety of reasons. One of the critical causes of miscommunication is a stereotype.

Solutions to Effective Cross-Cultural Communication

To overcome all these obstacles, which causes failure in cross-cultural communication, the below-discussed strategies can be put into practice in an organization

Observation

It is usually best to perceive the actions of the group and follow their principle. This perception assists in comprehending the two: high and low-setting cultures: communication in high setting culture relies mainly on the setting or non-verbal elements of communication; low setting cultures rely much on upon verbally uttered communication. A vastly literate, well-read culture is considered a low–context culture, as it depends entirely on information complicated plainly by words. Hence, it can minimize the likelihood of miscommunication

Offer Language Classes

An employer can apply this technique to equip employees with primary language necessitates for one's business. Teaching should entail work phrases, words, warnings, and other essential critical communication features, which are mandatory for them to conduct to their employer's standard. First, staff should be taught basic, then provide them with a survival crash course in their workplace's dominant language. If resources are adequate, give extra opportunities for workers to learn the language skill they require to prosper in the workplace.

Utilization of visual technique of communication staff meetings and most of the communication within an organization should strive to use more occasionally visual techniques more than audio. It means using images as much as possible. Organizations should take a lesson from the airlines in how they communicate about safety instructions. Almost every phase in every procedure should be described in image form.

Critical Listening

Critical listening is listening to a listener listens and critically analyzes and assesses what is being said. Therefore, critical listening is a dynamic type of listening. A listener obtains new details and information, but the listener listens and holds on the information (Armstrong and Ferrari-Bridgers, 2020, pg. 12). Still, they analyze and evaluate the knowledge gained critically and offer his judgment about it. To examine correctly, the listener needs to ask questions that can better comprehend what a speaker is uttering.

Empathic Listening

Empathic listening is also known as therapeutic listening. Empathic listening needs interpersonal skills. It implies that this kind of listening requires a listener to connect with the speaker and comprehend speakers' perceptions. Like critical listening, it needs commitment from a listener. However, this kind of listening does not need one to judge; it needs listeners to reflect on the speaker's view and not give recommendations (Manusov, Stofleth, Harvey, and Crowley, 2020. p.115). Therapists and counselors usually use it. Emphatic listening reinforces relationships with family and friends, unlike critical thinking, which strengthens understanding better what a speaker has to say.

A Highlight for Evaluating the Speaker’s Message

The evaluator has to give contrastive feedback to the speaker. An evaluation is a judgment based on the speaker's message. This outlook should remark pinpoint what the speaker did excellently, areas where the speaker could enhance, and precise recommendations for enhancement of the message. The below-proposed outline comprises three activities that an evaluator needs to do for useful evaluation of the speaker's message.

Review

To provide the best review, a listener needs to consider the speaker's goals. Before a listener presentation, define with the speaker that their goals are about the takes objectives. In this review stage, a listener should provide answers to questions such as did the speaker attain what they intended to do? If they did, recognize this fact publicly in the evaluation. On the other side, if they did not, a listener may add remarks in their written assessment or converse them individually later on with the speaker. If the speaker confesses that they did not realize their purpose, a listener may act as a mentor to assist them in changing their current speech or prepare for an upcoming presentation.

Reward

Abundantly praise the elements that were chiefly good in the speaker's speech. Employ words such as active, outstanding, admirable, exemplary, praiseworthy, and pleasing. Attempt to evade the use of unclear generalizations words such as excellent, very good, and good. It is an excellent idea to elaborate on why the element was worth noting by citing the exact words.

Respond

One of the primary obligations of an evaluator is to react to the speaker's content. But, this should not be done by challenging what has been uttered; instead, it should be an analysis of what an evaluator heard, felt, and saw.

Non-Verbal Communication

Bonaccio, Reilly, O'Sullivan, and Chiocchio (2016,p.1045) define non- verbal communication is a type of communication that, instead of depending on spoken words or written words. It depends on different non-verbal cues such as tasks, physical movements, tone of voice, signs, signals charts, colors, and symbols. A considerable section of human communication is non-verbal. Everyday human, communicate with non-verbal cues and behaviors knowingly and unknowingly. Therefore, at times, one form of communication can effectively communicate, and one may feel more accurately than a verbal mode of communication. Some types of non- verbal communication are facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, posture, and body orientation.

Facial Expressions

Human beings utilize facial expressions to convey types of meaning in different settings. The scope of the framework in which humans use facial expressions reacts to occasions in the environment to specific linguistic constructions in sign language. There are two different ways a facial expression can be produced. One way is through pose. In this manner, the sender for social communication usually uses expressions. These expressions are generated from the cerebral cortex of human brains, and humans have control of these expressions (Tarnowski, Kolodziej, Majkowski, and Rak, 2017, p.1178-80). For instance, as much as one does not like their workmate, one cannot laugh when the workmate is fired.

Eye Contact

Eye contact is an understandable act of maintaining someone's gaze. Eye contact is one of the purest forms of non-verbal communication, but one of the powerful ways to make an individual feel acknowledged. There are several ways of showing respect; however, Western countries use eye contact as a sign of respect. Eye contact expresses one's warm, sincere, and honest respect for others. This is the reason as to why receiving and giving eye contact during a one on one dialogue is a surefire of healthy interaction.

Gesture

Gesture comprise any intended or unintentional body movement made in the course of a talk. In deception of someone's confidence, gestures come in handy. When the right gestures are utilized at the right moment can improve the meaning of the spoken words. For example, a firm handshake demonstrates an individual's self-assurance level in another person, and to how concentration during a conversation, a nod of the head is usually used.

Body Movement

Body movement entails posture, gestures, hand and head movements, or entire body movements. Body movements can be applied to strengthen what an individual says and provide information concerning the emotions and attitudes of an individual. Nonetheless, it is likely, for body movement to contradict with what is said.

Conclusion

Intercultural communication is not only complicated but also a challenging activity. To facilitate communication in a diversity set-up, cross-cultural communication skills are mandatory. In an environment where individuals lack intercultural communication skills, one can incorporate strategies to eliminate language that seems to stereotype contestants and reduce violations of culture rule during conversations.

Bibliography

Armstrong, D., and Ferrari-Bridgers, F., 2020. Improving critical listening skills in EMT students. Irish Journal of Paramedicine, 4(2).pp. 10-20.
http://www.irishparamedicine.com/index.php/ijp/article/view/192

Bonaccio, S., O'Reilly, J., O'Sullivan, S.L., and Chiocchio, F., 2016. Nonverbal behavior and communication in the workplace: A review and an agenda for research. Journal of Management, 42(5), pp.1044-1074. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0149206315621146

Manusov, V., Stofleth, D., Harvey, J.A., and Crowley, J.P., 2020. Conditions and consequences of listening well for interpersonal relationships: Modeling active-empathic listening, social-emotional skills, trait mindfulness, and relational quality. International Journal of Listening, 34(2), pp.110-126.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2018.1507745

Nauert, S., 2017. The linguistic and cultural interpretation of dissonant heritage: The ATRIUM cultural route. Almatourism-Journal of Tourism, Culture, and Territorial Development, 8(15), pp.16-37.
https://rm.coe.int/2017-activity-report-full-doc-cultural-routes-of-the-council-of-europe/168078ea38

Tarnowski, P., Kolodziej, M., Majkowski, A., and Rak, R.J., 2017. Emotion recognition using facial expressions. In ICCS (pp. 1175-1184). https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53710492/

Emotion_recognition_using_facial_expressions.pdf?1White, K., 2019. Preliminary unit 3: Intercultural communication: Miscommunication collage: Defining and understanding miscommunication. Culturescope, 117, p.26. https://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr15/inoue.html.