Mental health, Psychiatric Illness, Prevalence rate, Age, Violence, Incidences, Resources - Report Example

The first article is Mental Illness Stigma, Help Seeking, and Public Health Programs by Henderson et al. (2013). The article describes the extent of mental illness globally and how more than 70 percent of the cases fail to receive any form of treatment from the healthcare staff globally. The article draws evidence from various articles to articulate mental health, with evidence suggesting that there are diverse factors associated with an increased likelihood of treatment avoidance or delays (Henderson et al., 2013). They include failure to identify the symptoms, ignorance of the methods of treatment, prejudice against the victims, and the expectation of discrimination against the patients

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The second article is by the National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH] (2020) and presents the United States' condition prevalence rates. According to NIMH, mental health issues are still common in the United States. Statistics indicate that one in every five US adults had a mental condition representing a total of 51.5 million in 2019 (NIMH, 2020). These conditions are diverse and vary in degree of severity, ranging from mild-moderate to severe. The data was sourced from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). For inclusion, the prevalence estimates of the mental illness comprise the patients diagnosed within the past years to meet the diagnostic criteria highlighted within the 4th Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and exclude the development and substance disorders.

The third article, The Association between Mental Health and Violence among a Nationally Representative Sample of College Students from the United States by Schwartz et al. (2015), reviews the recent attacks on college campuses within the United States that have sparked debates around their increase and the increasing rates mental disorders. It also seeks to understand whether such prevalence is associated with violence among students. The articles reviewed a sample of 3,929 college students to examine the prevalence of the seven violent behaviors and 19 psychiatric disorder diagnoses. It was found that college students were less likely to engage in violent behavior than the non-students sample.

The fourth article, From Basic Human Values to Interpersonal Violence: A Mental Illness Sample, analyzes how personal values and motivational constructs can influence mental health, resulting in violent behaviors. The study comprised 160 participants admitted with diverse mental issues (Rossi et al., 2020). The study found that human values associated with openness were positively related to interpersonal violence and maltreatment. Values associated with conservation, on the other hand, were associated with support. Individuals shared the patterns of correlations with psychosis and other disorders but not with mood disorders (Rossi et al., 2020). Simultaneously, there was a notable fundamental association between human values and dysfunctional behaviors like violence.

The fifth article, Domestic Violence, and mental health: a cross-sectional Survey of women seeking help from domestic violence support services, studies domestic abuse as a risk factor for mental illness (Ferrari et al., 2016). Thus, the study focuses on domestic violence survivors who manage to access specialist services within the United Kingdom. It also investigates the relationship between the severity of abuse and mental health. The study comprised 260 women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of various psychological interventions for the survivors. It was found that depression and anxiety were higher among the survivors, with the means closer to the clinical threshold, with more than three-quarters recording PSTD (Ferrari et al., 2016).

The article Recent Physical and sexual violence against adults with Severe Mental Illness: a systematic review and Meta-analysis investigates how patients of mental illness face various forms of victimization with little or no intervention being put forth (Khalifeh et al., 2016). The paper is a meta-analysis of various scholarly articles published between 2010 and 2015 (Khalifeh et al., 2016). It was found that 15 -22 percent of women were domestic violence victims, with men having a prevalence of 4-10 percent.

The article A Reassessment of Blaming Mass Shootings on Mental Illness critically reviews whether mental illness is the only cause of the recent gun violence (Hirschtritt & Binder, 2018). The researchers did a one-year follow-up data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment that revealed that only 23 of the 951 individuals who had been released from inpatient health care were involved in gun violence (Hirschtritt & Binder, 2018). Twenty-one of the individuals had a history of arrest. Further, the researchers found that only a minority of individuals with mental illnesses were convicted.

The article Violence and mental illness: What is the true story? Considers the public perceptions of mental illness and violence while highlighting the extent of the stigma associated with it (Varshney et al., 2015). The perception is further solidified by the media, which sensationalizes the violent crimes committed by individuals with mental illness, specifically the mass shootings, and focuses on such stories' mental issues. However, the media ignores the fact that most of the violence is committed by individuals without mental illnesses (Varshney et al., 2015). This societal bias has contributed to the stigma of psychiatry diagnosis, making individuals less likely to seek help or disclose their mental health status.

Although there are contrasting views on the association between violence and mental illness, the article Urgent Need for Improved Mental Health Care and a More Collaborative Model of Care highlights the need to have better interventive measures as the current ones fail to sufficiently address the complex challenges associated with mental illness (Lake, 2017). The article reviews all the challenges surrounding mental health, including limited access to mental health care (Lake, 2017).

The article Mobile Health (mHealth) Versus Clinic-Based Group Intervention for People with Serious Mental Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial compares the various intervention strategies and their effectiveness. These include the mHealth, which is mobile-based, and the clinic-based model. The study conducted a three-month randomized controlled trial of the smartphone-based intervention versus the clinic-based group intervention, with 163 participants (Ben-Zeev et al., 2018). It was found that 90 percent of the mobile-based treatments were more likely to commence treatment compared to 58 percent in the clinic-based intervention (Ben-Zeev et al., 2018). At the same time, the mobile-based intervention showed more commitment to the eight-week program compared to the clinic-based one.

References

Ben-Zeev, D., Brian, R. M., Jonathan, G., Razzano, L., Pashka, N., Carpenter-Song, E., Drake, R. E., & Scherer, E. A. (2018). Mobile Health (mHealth) Versus Clinic-Based Group Intervention for People With Serious Mental Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychiatric Services, 69(9), 978–985. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800063

Henderson, C., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2013). Mental Illness Stigma, Help Seeking, and Public Health Programs. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 777–780. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2012.301056

Hirschtritt, M. E., & Binder, R. L. (2018). A Reassessment of Blaming Mass Shootings on Mental Illness. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(4), 311. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0010

Ferrari, G., Agnew-Davies, R., Bailey, J., Howard, L., Howarth, E., Peters, T. J., Sardinha, L., & Feder, G. S. (2016). Domestic violence and mental health: a cross-sectional survey of women seeking help from domestic violence support services. Global Health Action, 9(1), 29890. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.29890

Khalifeh, H., Oram, S., Osborn, D., Howard, L. M., & Johnson, S. (2016). Recent physical and sexual violence against adults with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(5), 433–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2016.1223608

Lake, J. (2017). Urgent Need for Improved Mental Health Care and a More Collaborative Model of Care. The Permanente Journal, 21. https://doi.org/10.7812/tpp/17-024

National Institute of Mental Health. (2020, November 1). Mental Illness. Nih.Gov. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness.shtml

Rossi, A., Talevi, D., Collazzoni, A., Parnanzone, S., Stratta, P., & Rossi, R. (2019). From Basic Human Values to Interpersonal Violence: A Mental Illness Sample. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 29(3), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2019.1581865

Schwartz, J. A., Beaver, K. M., & Barnes, J. C. (2015). The Association between Mental Health and Violence among a Nationally Representative Sample of College Students from the United States. PLOS ONE, 10(10), e0138914. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138914

Varshney, M., Mahapatra, A., Krishnan, V., Gupta, R., & Deb, K. S. (2015). Violence and mental illness: what is the true story? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 70(3), 223–225