Paper Sample on Nurse Interviewing Techniques

Introduction

Therapeutic communication methods include strategies that leave clients encouraged to express how they feel and their thoughts more effectively (Abdolrahimi et al., 2017). The techniques involve the tools for establishing and maintaining rapport with other people. Some of the methods use a verbal approach while others take nonverbal means.

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Non-Verbal

Nonverbal communication includes the use of body language. It is regarded as a communication approach that psychiatric nurses ought to adopt when deciphering to assist them in knowing the needs, feelings, and thoughts of clients (Hellsten & Hakiaha, 2017).

Nurses are expected to remain observant to identify the posture of their patients, grooming habits, clothing, facial expressions, and hand and eye movements (Anna, 2017). A nurse can use silence and listening skills as it allows the patient sense of control and acknowledgment. Facing the patient, leaning forward, and keeping eye contact is part of how the psychiatric nurse potentially applies and listens to their patients (Windermere, 2020). Montague et al. (2013) established that social touch, including pat on the back or handshake and eye contact, made patients perceive healthcare professions as more emphatic. In other studies, it was established moderate and appropriate eye contact boosted ratings of rapport from patients (Harrigian et al., 1985).

Verbal

• Probing skills: These skills require question activities. Open-ended questions, in most cases, invites a complete descriptive response to the issues under discussion. For instance, when an individual explores an individual's experiences, such as hearing voices, they are likely to utilize open-ended questions and start with words such as when, how, what, where, or who.
• Reflecting: It describes the utilization of reflective skills through the identification of core messages from clients and providing it back to them in the words of a nurse. Practical application of reflective skills allows the establishment of trust, exploitation, and communication understanding and acceptance to the client.
• Paraphrasing: The use of paraphrasing approach shows the client that a nurse is listening to them and is hearing or has heard what the client says by mentioning the client's words again. Paraphrasing has the impact of making the care appear and feel support.
• Summarizing: The skills include the use of appropriate deduction, where the nurse reassures and clarifies to the client that what they said was heard correctly. Besides, it allows the client the chance to correct any wrongly interpreted information.
• Empathy: According to Queensland Health, empathy includes an approach where an individual puts oneself in their client's position. It applies a person-centered approach to know the experiences and feelings of clients (Kiosses et al., 2016). A nurse is expected to remain friendly as they introduce themselves to clients.

Considering Individual and Cultural Elements

Nurses engage in the interview process with their clients when they visit for therapy. They are expected to consider all cultural and personal aspects during the interview. For instance, for Torres Strait Islanders and Aboriginal individuals, it is important to learn practices such as avoiding eye contact, which their customers perceive as a gesture of respect to one another. In contrast, Western culture perceives avoiding eye contact as rude, dishonest, or depicting a lack of interest in the subject matter. Culture sensitive practice is interpreted to refer to non-judgmental attitude and emphatic practice. It is perceived as a fundamental skill set, especially for nurses in mental healthcare practice, to achieve it since it allows them to provide practical patient centered care. Besides, it establishes a robust rapport with the clients they come across. Nurses need to ensure cultural competency, awareness and attempt to understand the cultural background of all clients since it helps to address varied cultural differences and issues (Communicating effectively with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, 2020).

Prevention

Besides information gained directly from visiting clients, psychiatric nurses utilize extra information gathered from family members and friends of the client, clinical records, and other clinical services. It is crucial for nurses to remain careful when gathering information from friends and family members (O'Brien, 2017 ). They need to be mindful of privacy, confidentiality, and any potential disagreement between members of the client's family.

Nurses can utilize a collaborative approach to explore the potential contribution of family members to the clients’ care and the essential role the families have while supporting the patient. It is demonstrated that families exhibit special viewpoints regarding the care of their loved ones.

Further, it is notable while gathering information from family, nurses exhibit legal and ethical obligations to keep every client's confidentiality during their communication. Nurses and clients can communicate by computers, verbally, or through writing approach since some of the clients do not want the presence of their family ( chapter 23 assessment in mental health nursing pp.526).

Conclusion

Trauma informed care is mainly design to allow support to clients with trauma experiences (Muskett, 2014). The care is based on principle of collaboration, empowerment choices, and respect, and delivered such that it exhibits sensitivity to trauma impacts on the life and development of an individual, it helps reduce re-traumatization risk.

References

Abdolrahimi, M., Ghiyasvandian, S., Zakerimoghadam, M., & Ebadi, A. (2017). Therapeutic communication in nursing students: A Walker & Avant concept analysis. Electronic Physician, 9(8), 4968-4977. DOI: 10.19082/4968

Anna, E (2017). Psychiatric and mental health nursing (4th ed., pp. 419- 422). Chatswood: ELSEVIER

Communication skills 3: non-verbal communication (2018) | Nursing Times. Retrieved 13 September 2020, from https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/assessment-skills/communication-skills-3-non-verbal-communication-15-01-2018/

Communicating Effectively With Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People. [ebook] Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural Capability Team, p.2. Available at:https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/151923/communicating.pdf

Hellsten, D. & Hakiaha, H. (2017). Psychiatric and mental health nursing (4th ed., pp. 238-241). Chatswood: ELSEVIER.

Kiosses, V.N., Karathanos, V.T. & Tatsioni, A. (2016) Empathy promoting interventions for health professionals: a systematic review of RCTs. J of Compassionate Health Care 3, 7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-016-0024-9

Muskett, C. (2014). Traumainformed care in inpatient mental health settings: A review of the literature. International journal of mental health nursing, 23(1), 51-59.
https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12012

O'Brien, A. & Allman, M. ( 2017 ) Psychiatric and mental health nursing (4th ed., pp. 522-548). Chatswood: ELSEVIER.

O'Brien, L. ( 2017 ). Psychiatric and mental health nursing (4th ed., pp.04-38). Chatswood: ELSEVIER.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (, 2020). Retrieved 12 September 2020, from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd

Supporting Survivors of Trauma: How to Avoid Re-traumatization. (, 2020). Retrieved 12 September 2020, from https://www.onlinemswprograms.com/resources/social-issues/how-to-be-mindful-re-traumatization/

Windermere, A. (2020). Communication Skills Needed for Psychiatric Nurses. Retrieved 13 September 2020, from https://work.chron.com/communication-skills-needed-psychiatric-nurses-12694.html.