Free Essay Example - Self-Management and Information on Diabetes

Your blood sample was tested using the standard Glycerate Hemoglobin test used in determining diabetes. The test should normally be at least 5.7% for the absence of diabetes,5.8-6.5% for pre-diabetics, and above 6.5% for the diabetic(Foster. etal,2019). The results indicated that you could be categorized as a pre-diabetic. There are early signs of diabetes including frequent urge to urinate and fatigue

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Pathophysiological factors

This is a disease that affects the body by impairing its ability to process blood sugar, also known as blood glucose. If the condition is not managed properly, there are possibilities of build-up sugar in the bloodstreams, leading to stroke and heart diseases. There are several types of diabetes, major ones being the gestational, type 1, and type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes occurs among women during the gestation period. This condition occurs when their bodies become less sensitive to insulin hormone in the system. Type 1 diabetes, referred to as juvenile diabetes, is a result of the body not producing insulin (Foster.etal, 2019). Type 2 diabetes affects the way the body responds to insulin. The pathophysiological symptoms include the damage of the kidney and loss of weight. However, these are not necessarily the only symptoms of the disease, as they vary among individuals.

Recommended Meal Plan and Lifestyle Changes

I recommend that you change your lifestyle and encourage balanced living. A healthy diet is crucial in the management of the condition. You can start consuming whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and low-fat food. Please avoid foodstuffs with a lot of sugar. They have high calories, which have no nutritional benefits. Do not consume excess alcohol (maximum of one bottle of beer per day), and lastly engage in exercise, with at least 30 minutes of activity, daily.

Medication

Upon the examination of your blood sugar levels in the next appointment, you might be placed under an inhibitor. The drug will reduce the blood glucose levels in your system.

Asthma

Information and Pathophysiology of Asthma

Inflammation has a fundamental role in Asthma pathophysiology. Airway inflammation entails an interaction of numerous cell types and mediators that lead to the distinctive pathophysiological aspects of the disease, such as airflow restraint and bronchial inflammation that result in repeated incidences of wheeze, cough, and breathe shortness. However, distinct asthma phenotypes exist; for instance, aspirin-sensitive, intermittent, exercise-associated, and persistent airway inflammation is a steady pattern. The airway inflammation pattern in asthma does not substantially vary according to disease persistence, severity, and duration (Lambrecht & Hammad, 2015). There exist consistency in the structural cells and cellular profile response in asthma. It is very imperative to manage your asthma to avert long term problems. Asthma is associated with risk factors such as flu and cold and seasonal allergies which trigger the symptoms. In your case, Jones, triggers such as cats and dust incite airway obstruction by stimulating inflammatory mediators which begin a series of reaction that results in airway swelling, bronchospasms, and extreme mucus production.

Besides, one of the most popular asthma causes is tobacco smoke, comprising of passive smoking, which tends to irritate the tissues in the lung leading to excess mucus production and coughing.

Self-management

You need to follow some strategies to manage your asthma and get help in recognizing early asthma symptoms and seeking medical care immediately. First, take all the drugs as prescribed and never forget to carry your inhaler. I suggest you have two or more inhalers one to keep in the house while the other in your purse just in case you face emergencies. Utilize the spacer each time you use the inhaler as it will aid get more medication deeper into your lungs. Also, monitor your asthma symptoms by utilizing peak flow meter, which assists in detecting deteriorating signs before you can begin feeling them. Always consult your doctor to advise on the best peak meter that suits you.

Dehydration

Education to the Patient

Take eight cups of water daily to guarantee adequate hydration in your body. Hydration is a vital part of the normal psychological and physiological functioning of the body. Dehydration directly impacts wound healing, electrolyte balance, and glucose level. Hence it is substantial to prevent dehydration at the early stages. Some of the risk factors that can result in dehydration include prolonged fever, acute illness, and diarrhea. Dehydration causes thickening and stickiness of mucus, slowing the overall respiration hence making one feel more vulnerable to allergies, disease, and other respiratory challenges (Simpson et al., 2017). Dehydrated airways augment the risk of breathing problems. Inadequate oxygenation and perfusion cause permanent harm to the heart and brain.

Dehydration and Self-management

Remaining hydrated with the intake of adequate fluids such as juice, water, and tea aid alleviate the symptoms of asthma. Typically, when one feels dehydrated, the generation of histamine augments, making a person experience seasonal allergies symptoms such as itchy eyes, sneezing, and runny nose. If dehydration exacerbates, one can experience rapid breathing, fainting, and confusion. You can consult your physician on the kinds of foods for consumption to prevent dehydration. Always keep track of your signs for any alarming symptoms of severe dehydration, and if you feel excessive dehydration visit the nearest hospital to obtain intravenous fluids.

Infection

Information on Infection and Self-Care Management

After your diagnosis from Asthma, you are prone to infections. Infections are harmful organisms invading the body. They result in disease due to a weakened immune system. Take all drugs as prescribed and ensure complete treatment even if you feel healthy. Incomplete treatment can result in antibiotic resistance, making it challenging to treat severe infections in the future. When you have asthma or any upper respiratory disease such as flu and cold, it can impact your lungs, leading to airway narrowing and inflammation. Prolonged and uncontrolled asthma can result in augmented lung scarring risk. Lung scarring is permanent destruction to the airways and lungs, making one experience breathing difficulties endlessly unless supported with external aid (Sandrock & Norris, 2015). Thus always ensure you utilize the controller medications and evade triggers, for instance, dust, cats, tobacco smoke, and pollen. The medications aid in preventing asthma attacks by managing inflammation and minimize mucus production.

Wound Care

The management of asthma requires proper medication and a suitable environment that offers a vacuum. Tissue response in asthma is similar to that perceived in pathological scaring and chronic wounds. Failure to resolve structural and inflammatory variations results in excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and distortion of the healthy tissue. There may occur debridement if the inflammation worsens in its state and consistent antibiotic therapy. Optimal management and evaluation of blood glucose levels are essential to the effectiveness of the process to enhance successful inflammation and treatment. The best method to avert and treat asthma inflammation is through health promotion (Sandrock & Norris, 2015). Comprehending ways to maintain your blood sugar in the normal range will aid in minimizing the probabilities for inflammation. Other aspects that can assist in preventing asthma wounds include smoking termination, managing high blood pressure, and appropriate nutrition.

Medication

Take two puffs of Albuterol inhaler every four hours and utilize it as required for breathing problems, wheezing, and coughing. Albuterol relaxes and opens the airway muscles hence easier to breathe. It is vital to use the inhaler correctly by shaking it, placing it on the mouth and exhaling. Also, position your lips in the opening of canister inhaling slowly while pressing the container. Wait for ten seconds while holding your breath and exhale slowly after removing the inhaler. According to Medline (2016), the side effects of this drug comprise headache, shaking, nausea, muscle pain, vomiting, throat irritation, nervousness, cough, and other allergic reaction symptoms

Activity

Resume usual activity as accepted and seek help if required or when you feel dizzy or weak. It is substantial to ensure you are not living a sedentary lifestyle. Whenever possible, you should exercise and avoid health triggers (Simpson et al., 2017). Due to the medication effects, it is vital to consult your doctor if they tend to persist. You should always ensure you take a bath by using warm water to avoid cold and flu in your body. Utilize a peak flow meter to track air movement through your lungs. For the overall safety in your body, always ensure controlled and rhythmic breathing when performing any exercise to aid augment your lung capacity while founding muscle strength.

Diet

The proper nutrients in your meal can assist you to breathe easier, reducing asthma symptoms. Impaired metabolism of glucose is hypothesized to have a vital role in asthma exacerbations. A healthy diet maintains blood glucose in the normal range. A nutritionist can help you create a diet plan. A healthy diet includes some rules (Lambrecht & Hammad, 2015).

• 1) Balance sugar levels
• 2) Take fewer carbohydrates.
• 3) Ensure the consumption of various foods ranging from vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.

Follow-up

Jones, you have to follow up on an appointment on Tuesday at 11:00 a.m. at Shadow Health with Dr. Chloe as your physician that particular day. Ensure to arrive at the clinic ten or twenty minutes before your appointment to avoid anxiety. Dr. Chloe's number is 2222220000, while the Shadow Health office number is 1234567899. In case you have any queries do not hesitate to call these numbers. Also, if you notice any new or worsening symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, and breath shortness, immediately rush to the hospital.

References

Foster, N. C., Beck, R. W., Miller, K. M., Clements, M. A., Rickels, M. R., DiMeglio, L. A., ... & Olson, B. A. (2019). State of type 1 diabetes management and outcomes from the T1D Exchange in 2016–2018. Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 21(2), 66-72. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/dia.2018.0384

Lambrecht, B. N., & Hammad, H. (2015). The immunology of asthma. Nature immunology, 16(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3049MedlinePlus (2016). Albuterol Oral Inhalation. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682145.html

Sandrock, C. E., & Norris, A. (2015). Infection in severe asthma exacerbations and critical asthma syndrome. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 48(1), 104-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-014-8435-x

Simpson, A. J., Romer, L. M., & Kippelen, P. (2017). Exercise-induced dehydration alters pulmonary function but does not modify airway responsiveness to dry air in athletes with mild asthma. Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(5), 1329-1335. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01114.2016