Free Essay: Effects of Dairy on Health

Dairy provides offer a set of important nutrients that are not found in dairy-free diets. People depend on dairy products for essential nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and calcium for bone formation. However, there has been controversy over the relationship between daily and health. According to Thorning et al, (2016), several media sources and institutions claim that dairy promotes the threat of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, and osteoporosis. These beliefs increase the skepticism about the impact of their health if they continue taking dairy products. Therefore, many are now shifting from dairy products to plant-based drinks made from almonds, oats, soy, and rice (Rozenberg, Serge, et al. 1). Several pieces of research have been carried out to test the association between dairy intake and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, osteoporosis, type II diabetes, and death. Although the predominance of obesity increases the threat of chronic diseases it is not caused by dairy intake.

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Thesis Statement

There have been several beliefs that daily intake causes chronic diseases cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, osteoporosis, type II diabetes, and death. However, these have been proven wrong by many studies. On the contrary, evidence from scientific studies indicates that eating dairy products have a positive impact on health because they protect the prevalent chronic diseases.

Summary

Dietary guidelines encourage the intake of dairy products as a component of a balanced diet. Health organizations explain that dairy contains hormones that help mediate pathological and physiological functions (Malekinejad and Rezabakhsh 1). However, dairy fat is commonly thought to contribute to the development of obesity and other chronic diseases due to its high energy density. Therefore, the Dietary guidelines also warn about taking milk products because they contain high-fat levels such as cheese and yogurt high-fat high-fat (Kratz, Ton and Guyenet 7). For example in 2015, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans stated consuming that low-fat or fat-free dairy is a healthy eating pattern. Therefore these sources encourage people not to take milk products directly but consume food that is obtained from milk, for instance, fortified soy beverages. These are fat-free but contain all the nutrients in milk such as calcium, vitamin A &D, magnesium, and protein (Bogin Para 4).

In recent year's evidence have also indicated that dairy products contain hormones that cause diseases. Some hormones such as insulin-like growth factor-1 and estrogen provoke endometrial, breast, and prostate cancer (Malekinejad and Rezabakhsh 1). The general public is confused about whether or not they should continue to consume dairy products following claims that it has a negative impact on their health. Scientific studies carried out to determine the relationship between dairy and chronic diseases has indicated that there is no connection between the two. The general consumers should, therefore, have the right information to encourage them to eat these products because they are essential to their bodies.

There have been claims that dairy products cause obesity which in turn causes type 2 diabetes which has been prevalent in recent years. A study by Rozenberg, Serge, et al,(2016) tried to determine the association between childhood obesity and dairy products. This was after the realization that childhood obesity and overweight continues up to adulthood. The study was carried out in pre-schools and the results indicated that there was no connection between obesity and intake of dairy products (Dror 522). Dairy products contain high-quality protein that is significant in weight loss. Therefore, a diet high in milk and dairy products reduces the risk of childhood obesity and improves body composition in adults. Likewise, a reduction in obesity lowers the threat of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, fermented products reduce the threat of type 2 diabetes. These products include yogurt and cheese.

There were arguments against the intake of dairy because it causes cardiovascular disease. However, the metanalysis by Thorning et al (2016) shows that daily intake of 200 ml per day does not intensify the threat of heart disease but it reduces the threat of stroke and hypertension. Milk contains calcium which is important for bone formation. Dairy products, therefore, have a positive impact on bone health in children and teenagers. Dairy products do not cause or initiate cancer as media and other organizations claims. On the contrary, the intake of these products protects the body against breast cancer, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Although the emphasis is on attaining the nutrient necessities by foods rather than supplements, plant-based beverages typically contain inorganic chemical forms of calcium, which may intensify cardiovascular threat.

Source Outline

Introduction

Milk products that are taken by people include fermented milk, casein, ice cream, cheese, butter, yogurt, and custard. Dairy products are said to have a negative impact on individual health because they contain high levels of saturated diet and cholesterol. Sources claim that saturated fat can cause chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and other serious health problems.

These claims have confused the general public about the health impact of dairy products. Moreover, the claims have increased skepticism about the health impact of dairy products. Therefore, people are shifting to the consumption of plant-based plants thinking that they are healthy but contain chemicals that may cause chronic diseases.

Background of the study

Media stories and health organizations such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans suggested that intake of dairy products causes cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, and mortality. According to the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (2019), dairy is the major source of saturated fat worldwide. However, it has been the major driver of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and various types of cancers such as breasts, prostate, and ovarian (Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine Para 1). Cheese among other dairy products contains saturated fat and cholesterol increase the threat of cardiovascular disease. This disease has caused the death of many people globally. The article also shows that dairy does not help in bone formation. The claim is based on a study carried out by the British Medical Journal that concluded that there is no association between milk and bone fractures (Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine Para 4).

Thesis statement

The research paper will determine whether there is a relationship between dairy and cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, and mortality. The paper will assess previous studies on the topic to determine the impact of dairy on health.

The paper will assess the relationship between daily and the following diseases

• Obesity and type 2 diabetes
• Cardiovascular disease
• Bone Health and Osteoporosis
• Cancer
• All-cause mortality
• Comparison of nutrient content and health aspects of milk and plant-based drinks

The paper will be based on evidence from the following sources;

Thorning, Tanja Kongerslev, et al. "Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence." Food & nutrition research 60.1 (2016): 32527.

Rozenberg, Serge, et al. "Effects of dairy products consumption on health: benefits and beliefs-a commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases." Calcified Tissue International98.1 (2016): 1-17.

Kratz, Mario, Ton Baars, and Stephan Guyenet. "The relationship between high-fat dairy consumption and obesity, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease." European journal of nutrition 52.1 (2013): 1-17.

Bogin, Barry. Milk and Human Development: An Essay on "Milk Hypotheses." 1998. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288101495_Milk_and_human_development_An_essay_on_the_milk_hypothesis>

Malekinejad, Hassan, and Aysa Rezabakhsh. "Hormones in dairy foods and their impact on public health-A narrative review article." Iranian journal of public health 44.6 (2015): 1-17.

Dror, D. K. "Dairy consumption and preschool, schoolage and adolescent obesity in developed countries: a systematic review and metaanalysis." Obesity reviews 15.6 (2014): 516-527.

Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Health Concerns About Dairy

Avoid the Dangers of Dairy with a Plant-Based Diet. 2019. < https://www.pcrm.org/good-nutrition/nutrition-information/health-concerns-about-dairy> Accessed on May 21, 2019

Annotated Bibliography

Rozenberg, Serge, et al. "Effects of dairy products consumption on health: benefits and beliefs-a commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases." Calcified Tissue International98.1 (2016): 1-17.

The article tries to determine whether there is an association between dairy and chronic diseases. Studies have been carried out to test the association between dairy intake and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, osteoporosis, type II diabetes, and death. The researchers concluded that daily does not cause these diseases but instead they prevent the body from their risk. The article is important in the study because it shows that dairy products do not cause these diseases.

Kratz, Mario, Ton Baars, and Stephan Guyenet. "The relationship between high-fat dairy consumption and obesity, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease." European journal of nutrition 52.1 (2013): 1-17.

This source reviewed previous data on the relationship between dairy intake and obesity and cardiometabolic disease. There were arguments against the intake of dairy because it causes cardiovascular disease. They reviewed sixteen studies and eleven showed no association between the two. The article concluded that dairy intake of 200 ml per day does not intensify the threat of heart disease but it reduces the threat of obesity and cardiometabolic disease.

Bogin, Barry. Milk and Human Development: An Essay on "Milk Hypotheses." 1998. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288101495_Milk_and_human_development_An_essay_on_the_milk_hypothesis>

The article aimed to assess the association between dairy products and poor body development. The article reviewed the evidence of previous studies and concludes that dairy contains essential nutrients for body development such as fats, protein calcium, and vitamin D3, and are significant in body development and bone formation. It also indicated that milk consumption during childhood can help reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

Dror, D. K. "Dairy consumption and preschool, schoolage and adolescent obesity in developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Obesity reviews 15.6 (2014): 516-527.

The article is a study carried out in pre-schools and the results indicated that there was no connection between obesity and intake of dairy products. The source is important because it shows that dairy products contain high-quality protein that is significant in weight loss. Therefore, a diet high in milk and dairy products reduces the risk of childhood obesity and improves body composition in adults. Likewise, a reduction in obesity lowers the threat of type 2 diabetes.