Mental Health Essay Sample: Integrated Care and Early Intervention

The integrated behavioral health care (IBHC) model of collaborative care focuses on investments that decrease disparities in other care models while decreasing the obstacles so as to utilize most of the services even by altering the way in which care is provided. Particularly, session regularity, the period, and guidelines for the ill transfers move intensely at this stage. Many specialists in the mental health always avail themselves when they are needed to watch the sick at the time mental health requirements are sported.20 Developed at Morehouse School of Medicine(Atlanta, GA), the CRASH Course ( when culture is taken into account ,it shows respect, asses and affirm the variances that shows sensitivity or self- awareness and doing it needs humility) in Cultural Competency training program has been developed to help medical professionals care for increasingly diverse patient population while minimizing culturally dysfunctional behaviors and providing a specific and measurable skill sets in accruing a sense of cultural competence. First step includes acknowledgement of the importance of the culture for our patient population. For example, understanding how a patient interprets and expresses his/her depression will guide diagnosis and treatment. It is well known that African Americans often have somatic symptoms as part of their depression. Simple interventions, like asking questions such as Tell me about your family background, can help practitioners to learn about the patient. Assessing patients cultural history is often important and should be done for each patient, taking care not to make assumptions about individuals based on group membership. Medical professionals must understand that there is heterogeneity within a group .For example, individuals from Eastern Europe will lumped into the broad category of Slavic. However, the Slavic languages are divided into three groups: west, south, and east, which jointly comprises of many languages. The CRASH model and IBCH model can guide professionals in an integrated health care setting to provide culturally competent care.21

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After the Newtown tragedy, NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness) encouraged policies which support early identification and intervention, specifically trained personnel for schools, extensive involvement of the family and the public, and increasing access to care with mental services in schools. In addition, several states enacted related legislation focusing on early intercession, services based on schools and training of staff members in order to avoid any possible tragedy; for example, the Sandy Hook firings. The state of Nebraska enacted LB 556 to develop behavioral health screenings and provide education and training on childrens behavioral health. In Nevada, AB 386 was passed to create a program involving pilots to administer screenings (mental health) to students enrolled in selected secondary schools. Minnesota enacted HF 359, requiring that case management services continue to be available to youth living with mental illness after they turn 18. In fact, Minnesota passed two bills to strengthen school-linked mental health services (HB 2756).22

Rights Protection

In the year 2008, Improvements of Medicare for the sick and also providers Act was approved, removing Medicares biased copayments for physical and mental health. This Act for a long time has been addressed as a broadminded stage towards eliminating inequalities in access to an affordable mental health care. The truth is that the substantial collection of parity necessities required at the national and state levels constitute a main impediment for clinicians and service users in achieving proper equality as an aftermath of the lawmaking. Doing away with the impediments, health services come across people with mental incapacities which are some of the principles of the United Nations Convention. Using the right-based approach of the resolution and some similar to it, it looks easy to come up with a strong strategy to respond to the many inequities and acumen that are relative to mental disabilities within many socities.23

Mental Illness and Violence Prevention

Violence among minorities is preventable, and the reduction of mental health differences that have approaches with evidences. Realizing society-extensive reductions in many youth violence and health variance has been tied in part; this is due to lack of proper strategies of prevention so as to discourse society risk aspects. The Center of CDC (Disease Control and Prevention) -supported investigation has caused in three favorable society-level approaches that is, California; alcohol policy to reduce youth access in Richmond, business improvement districts (BIDs), Safe Streets program in Baltimore, Maryland and Virginia. A finding indicates that Business Improvement Districts in Los Angeles were linked to 12% decrease in theft cases and crime and an 8% decrease in violence. In Richmonds policy of alcohol, investigators made a finding that the average monthly of an ambulance vehicle for the violent harms among the youths aged between 15 to24 years had a vital higher reduction in the intervention (19.6 to 0 per 1,000) compared to societies (7.4 to 3.3 per 1,000).the people who investigated Safe Streets made a finding that a number of intervention societies realized a decrease in murder and a nonfatal firings, however the aftermath was not successive across societies Society wide rates of vehemence can be altered in each and every community with unreasonably greater rates of youth vehemence connected to engrained health differences and socioeconomic demerits. Society-level plans is a critical chunk of comprehensive methods which are necessary in achieving broad decreases in vehemence and also mental health disparitiess.24

Many state laws mirror federal mental illness prohibitions, but states have also implemented a variety of additional policies. Florida prohibits people from accessing firearms if they have been initially admitted involuntarily to a psychiatric hospital, even when they subsequently agree to remain in the hospital voluntarily. Indiana and Connecticut both have laws that allow law enforcement to remove firearms from individuals exhibiting dangerous behavior (who may or may have not mental illness).To date, the effectiveness of such policies has not been studied. There are a number of gaps in our knowledge about mental disorders, gun violence and effective policies to reduce the risk of gun violence and suicide. President Obama recently issued a Presidential Memorandum directing CDC to conduct such a research. 25 SAFE(The New York Secure Ammunition and Firearms Enforcement) 2013 Act (S 2230) became the first piece of legislation enacted in 2013 to broaden clinician duty to warn and increase requirements to report mental health records for the purpose of limiting firearms purchases. Highly controversial due to the sweeping nature of its mandated strategies, the SAFE Act set a precedent for similar bills in other states which focused on increasing requirements to address the information of mental health to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), public access to civil commitment records, and increasing the duty of clinicians to caution about potential danger. Under the SAFE Act, clinicians providing mental health services must report threats of violence to law enforcement officials.26

Stigma reduction and Seeking Help

Studies show that out of four individuals with mental sickness, three of them have experienced stigma. As such, stigma embraces both prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behavior towards individuals with mental health problems.27 Culture defines, recognition, expression, the social psychiatric illness acceptance. For example, in many Latino cultures, mental problems is defaming, particularly, when an individual is considered as loco and should rely on medications to regulate the symptoms.28 The findings from California Well Being Survey offer insight and information policymakers and advocates can use to craft programs that can reduce stigma among Latino communities, which can in turn improve access and utilization of mental health services by Latinos.29 One major evidence from the report is that to improve the efficient mental health treatment for underserved Latinos , the adoption of peer-to- peer approaches have to be prioritized by supports and community services. The primary objective of peer mentoring programs and support are the lessening of stigma and upsurges in convenience to treatment on creating trust, ensuring open communication, and increasing relationships.30

While African Americans may often be unwilling to seek clinical treatment, they are more likely to be spiritually engaged than other demographic groups in the United States.31 notably the black churches are increasingly partnering with mental health caregivers looking for their own ministers to provide counseling training. Specifically, at Zion Baptist church, care givers of mental victims teach people on topic such anxiety and depression disorders. On the same note more churches in washing tone are requesting that their clergy be a trained professional n mental health counseling.32

Recently, two states passed bills addressing language and practices that have the effect of stigmatizing people living with mental illness. Tennessee (SB 1376) changed how the state code refers to people who live with mental illness to comply with American with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards. West Virginia (HB 2463) repealed a law permitting sterilization of persons deemed mentally incompetent.33

In most states, psychiatric inpatient beds are available in a combination of private and public hospital settings. This multi-tiered system can make it difficult to track the availability of inpatient psychiatric beds. In some states, inpatient capacity is inadequate to meet the demand. These factors lead to long wait times, emergency room boarding or unnecessary justice system involvement for people experiencing acute psychiatric crises. Virginia passed HB 2118, which strengthens the states inpatient psychiatric bed tracking system. It demand that all private and public inpatient and crisis managements amenities to state the availability of the beds at least every day. In Iowa, HF 449 is passed which directs Department of Human Services (DHS) to establish Inpatient Psychiatric Bed Tracking System and ensure its implementation. It requires clerk of courts to use the system to find openings and arrange placements. DHS would be allowed to certify/recognize crisis stabilization platforms operating in the psychiatric therapeutic organizations for children that provide children with mental health, substance abuse treatment. It allocates $200,000 in FY 2016.34

Criminal Justice

What is the profile of mentally ill prisoner? Female prisoners which consist of only 10% of the jailed populace, have a higher encumbrance of illness compared to their male counterparts. Notably, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is specifically common among female inmates, while men experience greater rate of antisocial personality disorder. Particularly, Caucasians are likely to experience more cases of mental illness than Hispanics or blacks.35according to the statics I the state prisons, it is evidenced that African-Americans are imprisoned at 5 times as compared to the whites.36 Professionals argue that officials in jails treat displays of pathology by African-Americans in specific-as criminal act and not mental illness. This is as a result of stereotyping that black people face in which the authorities only focus on violence and crime. Since the behaviors of the American African are misinterpreted, there are slim chances that they will be treated with the criminal justice system or the community.37While the socioeconomic disparities betwe...