Free Essay with the Answers to the Case Study Questions on Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal Cell Carcinoma, RCC has come to be the highest mortality rate cause in the nation, with an increased rate of incidences reported in recent decades. The kidney cancer type is more prevalent in men than women associated with risk factors of age and obesity. When detected early, the disease can be cured through a surgical operation. Thus more effort must be driven to ensure victims of the epidemic are screened soon enough to reduce the mortality rates resulting from the condition.

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Case Study Questions on Renal Cell Carcinoma

Q 1: Is the patient considered technically considered overweight or obese or is the patient's weight normal and healthy?

At the age of 58 years and a body mass of 90.71kg (200ibm), the patient's body mass index quantifies him as overweight rather than obese and healthy status.

Q2: List ten distinct clinical manifestations in the case study which is consistent with the diagnosis of Renal cell carcinoma

Common clinical symptoms of RCC include; fatigue, knee and shoulder swellings, night sweat, nausea, hypertension, joint pains, loss of appetite, chills, fever, blood-stained urine, and coughs (McCance, & Huerher, 2014).

Q3.What is the patient's two major risk factors for renal cell carcinoma?

First, Smokers are at high risk of being diagnosed with cancer, for the victim at a tender age he was a cigarette-smoker and likely the body obtained carcinogenesis cells at the time (Demir et al., 2015). Moreover, the patient might have inherited the cancer genotype from the unknown family since he was adopted; hence, lack connection with the parents who could be victims of the disease.

Q4: List any other risk potential factor that could have led to renal cell carcinoma

The patient had been diagnosed with advanced stage of chronic kidney disease, studies have established that patients of RCC have also are likely to have suffered from other chronic kidney diseases; the patient previously had a kidney failure which was transplanted later (Demir et al., 2015).

Q5: Based on the information provided what the likely subtype of renal cell carcinoma in this case. According to the report, the patient has Renal Oncocytoma also called Cystic-solid in which the cancer cell tumor bulge in the without metastasizing resulting in hardening of nephrons that require surgery for treatment. From the CT scan, the patient has large solids of glomerulonephritis on left kidney while transplanted one is normal. The size of the tumor is 3.5 inches in size.

Q6. Why is the patient taking Misoprostol? The drug is administered to help reduce the body weight with a significant reduction of kidney mass while increasing the kidney's release of creatinine (McCance, &Huerher, 2014).

Q7: Why is the patient taking warfarin sodium? It helps in the treatment of kidney cancer by inhibiting the growth and development of cancerous cell as well as the inhibition of the development of a new blood vessel that has tumors.

Q8: Why is the patient taking tacrolimus? The drug is an immune suppressant helping to boost the CD cells of the body thus helping to prevent and cure skin condition, arthritis which the patient had (McCance, &Huerher, 2014).

Q9: To which clinical stage has RCC advanced? The RCC is under the state II of kidney cancer since the tumors are above 7 cm in length without metastasizing to other body organs (Ramin, n.d.).

Q 10: What is the probability that the patient will survive in 5 years? Since carcinogenetic cancer cell are still distributed in the primary site, the patient has a 0.91% chance of surviving more five years when he adheres to the doctor's prescriptions (Ramin, n.d.).

Q 11: True or false, partial nephrectomy is the best and only treatment required for the patient in the case study. True, nephrectomy is the only technique that should be used to treat cancer, since the patient's other kidney has a defect while the health conditions of the patients allow him to withstand a large amount of anesthesia (Demir et al., 2015).

Q 12: What evidence exists that cancer has metastasized to the liver?

According to the case study, there lacks a substantial reason to claim liver metastasis. However, the patient had joint weaknesses, which portrays the chances of infection of the liver by cancer cells from the kidney are high (Demir et al., 2015).

Q 13: What evidence exists that the tumor is producing a large amount of renin?

Increased body blood pressure is an evidential link of the body's production of hormone renin, which is only secreted under decreased arterial blood pressure to maintain it at an optimal level. However, under the condition renin is being produced thus the blood pressure of the patient is high (Ramin, n.d.).

Q14: What evidence exists that cancer has metastasized to the bone? When cancer spreads to the bones, the bone joints and body become weak as the patient experience bone pains and body weaknesses. In the case study, the patient had body weakness such that he couldn't carry out normal activities (Demir et al., 2015).

References

Demir, T., Ozel, L., Gokce, A., Ata, P., Kara, M., &Eris, C. et al. (2015). Cancer Screening of Renal Transplant Patients Undergoing Long-Term Immunosuppressive Therapy. Transplantation Proceedings, 47(5), 1413-1417. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.04.073

McCance, K.A. &Huerher, S.E. (2014). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (7th Ed.). St. Louis: Mosby p. 37-39 & 43-44

Ramin, D. Treatment Options & Candidacy | Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgeon | Dr. S. Adam Ramin, MD. Retrieved from http://www.roboticcancersurgery.com/Urologic-Malignancies/Kidney-Cancer/Treatment-Options-Candidacy.aspx