Research Proposal Paper Sample on Human Organs Trafficking

Jafar, (2009) defines organ trafficking as the trade of either living or a deceased's organs for the sake of transplantation. More often, organ trafficking entails the use of threats, force, fraud, abuse of power, abduction, or other forms of coercion to sway and exploit the donor by removing the organs for transplantation (Davy, 2016). It is worth noting that organ trafficking is illegal and considered a crime in most of the countries across the world. Over the years, cases of human organs trafficking are rising despite the stringent laws put in place in various countries to prevent the cases (Ambagtsheer, Zaitch & Weimar, 2013). Following the increased prevalence of organ trafficking, the paper, therefore, focuses on providing an in-depth analysis of the problem and the possible solutions that can be put in place to address this problem.

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As organ trafficking is on the rise, it is perceived that in some cases, the traffickers use force to deceive the victims them to carry on with organ trafficking while in another cases it may entail either a formal or informal agreement by the victims to surrender their organs at a price to the traffickers (Negri, 2016). However, in most cases, the victims are not paid for these organs or when they are paid the money is too little, or it does not sum up to the initially agreed price. As such, this is a violation of the rights of the victims since they are at risk of their health as well as their lives. The traffickers have less consideration of the fact that they are leaving the lives of the victims at risk, but they are only after money and self-satisfaction regardless of the means through which they attain this satisfaction (Davy, 2016).

In other cases, the individuals who are vulnerable are subjected to treatment to an ailment or a therapy that may or may not be in affecting them or affecting their organs. In this case, the victims are convinced that the organs are a threat to their lives and as such, they are advised to remove them upon their consent, or the organs are removed without the awareness of the victims (Negri, 2016). This is mostly done by the doctors and other health practitioners who are connected or are benefitting from the activity of trafficking of these organs. This can be seen as a heinous act which should be highly condemned with the best terms possible. The traffickers under this category may be taking advantage of the poor or the less fortunate in society, and they entice them with money only to end up misusing their organs.

More often, the victims who are most vulnerable to this type of humiliations are the individuals who lack legal homes, the migrants most specifically the migrants who find themselves in freeing nations for work, individuals who are illiterate among other persons. This is a category or a group of people that is an easy target for the organ traffickers since they are seen as helpless and naive in the whole act (Davy, 2016). The traffickers mostly consider the organs from young people, but presumably, the organs may be taken from an individual from any age group. The organs which are common in the trade are the livers, kidneys among other organs. Since organ trafficking is illegal yet it is on the rise, there is need to develop measures that can help to address the problem because it infringes the rights of the vulnerable people as well as the helpless within the society.

The trafficking of the organs is a crime that is organized a good number of offenders propagates that. The recruiter who is among the offenders have the role of identifying the group of people who are their target and who are vulnerable, the staff at the hospital where they intend to get the organs from, the transporters, the clinical officers as well as the medical practitioners, the professors, the purchaser, brokers or middlemen who are often the contractors, the stores or the banks where the organs are stored are all part and parcel of these activities. It is evident that the entire chain is rarely noticed identified by the detectives and if so they are less considerate of the illegal business (Delmonico, Dominguez-Gil, Matesanz & Noel, 2011). The lack of exposure to these acts will lead to the emergence of dimensions that need to be fathomed accordingly. In this case, there is a need to develop a measure that helps in minimizing the cases of organ trafficking in medical facilities by ensuring the medical professionals play a vital role. In this case, they have to ensure that the orangs available for transplant are acquired on the legal way and they also focus on integrating the ethical codes that govern their practice to ensure that they do not participate in the malicious business (Delmonico et al., 2011; Negri, 2016).

It has been noted that the universal shortage of organ in the healthcare sector has steered the increase of demand in human n with the black market. It means that as the gap that exists between the patents that require organ transplants and the available organs continue to widen, it is catalyzing the increase in the abuse of human as traffickers use force to acquire their organs to meet the demand. Following the increase in case of organ trafficking, various policies have been put in place to address the problems, but this has not been a solution to the problem since there are reported cases where people still suffer on the hand of traffickers (Ambagtsheer, Zaitch & Weimar, 2013).

Therefore, the proposed solution that is suitable in addressing this problem is focusing on creating a program that will aid in preventing, detecting, and treating these organs at early stages of development. According to Honey, (2009), the number of patients that requires an organ transplant for instance kidney transplant will continue to increase unless the medical practitioners develop measures to enhance the quality of healthcare delivery system to ensure that they can detect and prevent the progression of the chronic diseases at early stages. As the number increases, it, therefore, widens the gap between the demand and the supply of the organs and hence steering cases of organ trafficking.

The policymakers in the healthcare sector should, therefore, focus on seeking measures that help to detect, prevent, and treat these chronic illnesses by integrating the highest quality healthcare delivery system as possible. It will, therefore, include enhancing the medical equipment, training the healthcare providers and creating awareness to the public to show them the basic practices to prevent such illnesses (Honey, 2009). For example, the increased cases of organ trafficking entail kidneys. Here, the healthcare policy makes can seek to devise measures that can help to prevent kidney failure and ensuring that the public is aware of these best practices. This will help in reducing the number of patients that require a kidney transplant and therefore reduce the gap that exists regarding organ transplant.

While the proposed strategy to implement a program that aims at detecting, preventing, and treating the chronic illnesses that increase the degree of organ trafficking is suitable to address the underlying problem, it is subject to opposition. For instance, implementing the program will require extensive research and development to identify the best practices that can help to detect, prevent, and treat these illnesses. Also, it is considered that adopting better equipment that enhances the quality of medical care can be very costly. It is worth noting that in most cases, the patient that ends up requiring an organ transplant often face this as a result of poor healthcare delivery system that instead of addressing the problem, it leads to progression of the chronic illnesses. Once the illnesses get to the final stages, no medical intervention can help retrieve the problem but instead, the patient is subjected to organ transplant. It is therefore clear that with high quality mechanisms set is the place, the healthcare professionals can help in reducing the number of patients that need an organ transplant. While it is cost intensive, in the long run, it can help to address the problem.

Consequently, it is essential to evaluate the possible costs and benefits associated with the proposed program to assess its viability in addressing the problem at hand. No doubt that implementing this program is capital intensive in both time and financial resources. For example, it will need money to advance the medical equipment to better equipment that provides high quality service to patients facing the illnesses that place their organ at risk. It will also require capital and time to train the healthcare providers on how to utilize this equipment to detect, prevent, and treat these illnesses (Jafar, 2009). Also, educating the public on the possible measure and best practices to prevent these illnesses will require an investment in time and money.

As the cost of the program increases, it thus means that the cost of accessing these services will be high to the public. This would, therefore, be of no help since the poor, and the vulnerable people will not have the ability to access the services which means that their illnesses will progress increasing the number of patients requiring an organ transplant. It also means that the helpless and the weak remain vulnerable to suffer on the hands of the traffickers. However, it is worth considering that the costs associated with the program match the expected benefits. The healthcare facilities can, therefore, consider using high quality but cost-effective equipment (screening and treatment systems) in addressing the problem (Davy, 2016). This will, in turn, ensure that they reach all affected people by offering better services that aim at preventing, detecting, and treating chronic illnesses.

In conclusion, organ trafficking is an increasing global problem that threatens the life of both patients and healthy people. While many countries have enforced laws and regulations to combat this crime, people stiff suffer on the hand of traffickers. Therefore, the proposed strategy presented in this paper is to implement a program that aims at detecting, preventing, and treating the chronic illnesses that increase the demand for an organ transplant. This is because the growing evidence shows that the gap that exists between the demand for an organ transplant and the supply is a key factor that steers cases of organ trafficking. Therefore even though the program is capital intrusive, it will help in reducing the gap by preventing these illnesses and therefore help in reducing the force that increases organ trafficking.

References

Ambagtsheer, F., Zaitch, D., & Weimar, W. (2013). The battle for human organs: organ trafficking and transplant tourism in a global context. Global Crime, 14(1), 1-26. doi: 10.1080/17440572.2012.753323

Davy, D. (2016). Anti-human trafficking interventions. American Journal of Evaluation, 37(4), 486-504. doi: 10.1177/1098214016630615

Delmonico, F. L., Dominguez-Gil, B., Matesanz, R., & Noel, L. (2011). A call for government accountability to achieve national self-sufficiency in organ donation and transplantation. The Lancet, 378(9800), 1414-1418. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61486-4

Honey, K. (2009). Putting a stop to organ trafficking and tourism. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 119(3), 425-425. doi: 10.1172/jci38814

Jafar, T. H. (2009). Organ trafficking: Global solutions for a global problem. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 54(6), 1145-1157. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.08.014

Negri, S. (2016). Transplant ethics and the international crime of organ trafficking. International Criminal Law Review, 16(2), 287-303. doi: 10.1163/15718123-01602001